This approach allowed us to conduct a comprehensive analysis of smoking cessation, relying on a more detailed temporal dimension. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to assess the simultaneous impact of several socioeconomic indicators on abstinence duration. The resulting information on time before relapse was analysed in the duration analysis framework. Then, relying on detailed information about past smoking behaviour, we retrieved the abstinence episodes of both successful and unsuccessful quitters. In a first step, we conducted multivariate logistic regressions to assess the socioeconomic differences between successful and unsuccessful quitters. With this in mind, we decided to analyse the association between two socioeconomic indicators-education and income-and two outcomes related to smoking cessation: the odds of successfully quitting and the duration of abstinence. The authors emphasized the importance of analysing smoking inequalities with respect to other socioeconomic indicators and various smoking outcomes related to initiation and cessation. In a recent review, Schaap and Kunst noticed that the majority of studies on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking focused on education and used smoking prevalence as the outcome of interest. , and more recently Lee and Kahende, in which the authors found an association between certain socioeconomic indicators and the probability of successfully quitting. This last finding is supported by the studies of Borland et al. Moreover, they found a positive association between success in quitting and socioeconomic resources. found the same type of association in the United States, where they noted an increased prevalence of current smoking and an independent association between current smoking and lower-paid jobs, low education levels and lower income levels. found higher rates of current and ever-smoking among less educated individuals in northern European countries. identified a strong association between education, occupational status and current smoking. Using six socioeconomic indicators, Laaksonen et al. identified socioeconomic gradients for ever-smoking, quitting and current smoking. In a study among British women, Harman et al. also found that education was a strong predictor of smoking in Europe. They found a greater decline in smoking prevalence and consumption levels among more educated individuals. analysed trends in smoking behaviour by education level between 19 in Western Europe. Extensive international literature offers evidence that tobacco does not affect all socioeconomic subgroups of the population equally (it is estimated that smoking prevalence is about 50% higher in lower socioeconomic groups than in higher groups ). found that 20% of the educational differences in those who suffered premature mortality were attributable to smoking. In a study conducted among European men, Mackenbach et al. Smoking has been identified as a primary cause of inequalities in death rates between different social classes. Today, however, this trend has reversed, resulting in major socioeconomic inequalities in terms of both smoking prevalence and smoking-related morbidity and mortality. In the early stages of the process, smoking prevalence was higher in upper socioeconomic groups. Another important feature of the diffusion of the epidemic is the widening of socioeconomic differences in the context of smoking prevalence. The last stage is characterised by a decrease in the prevalence of tobacco use for both men and women but an increase in tobacco-related mortality among women due to the lag between tobacco use and tobacco-related mortality. , in which the authors break down the nationwide diffusion of tobacco use into four distinct stages. Similar figures have been reported in most developed countries and are consistent with the tobacco epidemic model proposed by Lopez et al. Over the same time period, we have also noticed a 7% increase in tobacco-related mortality among women, while men experienced a 10% decrease in tobacco-related mortality. In Switzerland, we have observed a sharp decline in smoking prevalence from 33% in 1997 to 28% in 2007 (these prevalence rates refer to the proportion of smokers (regular and occasional) in the Swiss population aged 15 and over).
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